Read SURMOUNT‑1 for follow-up duration and the control group
This 2022 Phase 3 trial compared tirzepatide with placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes and reported weight outcomes at 72 weeks.
Research
Track clinical research, regulatory updates, and primary sources on GLP‑1 and metabolism.
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November 2026
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Comparative effects of pharmacological treatment for weight gain in patients treated with antipsychoticsSex differences in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: the FINE-HEART pooled analysis.+5 more
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide According to Frailty StatusPrecise resistance training alleviates osteosarcopenia via the GLP-1/myostatin path+6 more
Research
21 casesWhat was the primary endpoint in SELECT?
Published in 2023, this randomized trial enrolled adults with overweight or obesity and established cardiovascular disease without diabetes. Its primary endpoint covered major cardiovascular events.
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide According to Frailty Status
Researchers analyzed secondary data from the SELECT randomized clinical trial to evaluate whether frailty status modifies the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in adults with cardiovascular disease and overweight/obesity. Participants were categorized by a frailty index into not frail, more frail, and most frail groups. The study compared semaglutide with placebo. Results indicated that semaglutide benefits on the primary cardiovascular outcome were consistent across frailty categories, and the improvement in health-related quality of life was greater in those with higher frailty.
Precise resistance training alleviates osteosarcopenia via the GLP-1/myostatin path
Researchers recruited 98 elderly patients with primary osteoporosis complicated with muscle atrophy and randomly assigned them to an intervention group and a control group. The study found that precise resistance training improved musculoskeletal structure and function by increasing endogenous GLP-1 secretion and downregulating MSTN expression.
GLP-1 receptor agonists and serious adverse events: Evidence, uncertainty and clinical implications
This narrative review appraises evidence regarding seven serious adverse events linked to GLP-1 receptor agonists, including thyroid cancer, acute pancreatitis, gallbladder and biliary disease, and others. The authors consider evidence from mechanistic studies, spontaneous reports, randomized trials, and cohort studies. For events such as thyroid cancer and acute pancreatitis, evidence regarding causality remains uncertain. The authors note that because these events are rare, even substantial relative risk increases generally correspond to small absolute risk increases in broad populations.
Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for obesity-associated metabolic complications
This review summarizes current mechanistic insights, preclinical findings, and clinical data on MSC-based interventions for obesity-associated metabolic disorders. It notes that obesity impairs endogenous MSC function and that no randomized controlled trial has evaluated MSC therapy for obesity with weight loss as a primary endpoint.
Efficacy and safety of domestic semaglutide injection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin
This multicenter, randomized, positive-controlled phase 3 equivalence clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of domestic semaglutide injection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin. Patients were randomized to an experimental group receiving domestic semaglutide injection and a control group receiving original semaglutide injection. The study compared the two treatments over 32 weeks.
Context-dependent functions of insulin, IGF, and GLP signaling in inflammatory bowel disease
This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of insulin, IGFs, IGFBPs, and GLPs in IBD. IBD is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Insulin signaling plays context-dependent roles in IBD by regulating glucose metabolism, epithelial repair, and inflammatory responses. The IGF axis is also profoundly altered during active IBD. GLP signaling further integrates metabolism with intestinal immunity; GLP-1 receptor agonists exhibit anti-inflammatory, metabolic, and microbiota-modulating effects. Emerging preclinical and observational clinical studies suggest that GLP-based therapies may improve disease outcomes, although prospective randomized trials are still required.
GLP-1 receptor agonists for people with type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease: reducing uncertainty in clinical practice
Researchers reviewed the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease. Findings indicate that semaglutide is better than placebo in reducing PAD events, while liraglutide and semaglutide may increase walking distance. Observational studies also show that GLP-1RA use reduces MALE risk. Although dedicated RCTs for hard limb outcomes are lacking, current evidence supports choosing proven effective GLP-1RAs to improve metabolic and walking capacity.
GLP-1/GLP-1R signalling in infectious diseases: basic biology, immunometabolic mechanisms, and therapeutic translation
This narrative review evaluates GLP-1/GLP-1R signalling in infection, assessing the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on metabolism, immunity, and inflammation. The study distinguishes pathogen models from endotoxin models and analyzes receptor-dependent versus systemic effects. The review indicates that GLP-1RAs consistently attenuate inflammation and tissue injury but have variable effects on pathogen clearance. Current human evidence is mainly from observational studies, lacking data on treatment initiation during acute infection.
Comparative effects of pharmacological treatment for weight gain in patients treated with antipsychotics
Researchers conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare drugs for reducing weight gain caused by antipsychotic medications. The analysis included 27 studies evaluating 17 drugs. Results showed that nizatidine and metformin were superior to placebo in short-term interventions, while liraglutide, exenatide, metformin, and samidorphan showed significant benefits in long-term interventions. Liraglutide ranked highest in SUCRA analysis.
Sex differences in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: the FINE-HEART pooled analysis.
Researchers pooled individual participant-level data from trials of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes and a trial of heart failure to compare risks between men and women with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. Findings indicated women were slightly older and less likely to receive common CKM therapies. During follow-up, both groups had similar risks of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death, but women had lower all-cause mortality. Finerenone showed consistent benefits in both sexes.
Cardiovascular outcomes of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review
Researchers evaluated cardiovascular outcome trials for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) in patients with type 2 diabetes, overweight/obesity with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and obesity with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The review found that GLP1RA therapy consistently reduced major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Weekly subcutaneous semaglutide lowered the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with overweight/obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease without type 2 diabetes. Tirzepatide lowered the composite endpoint of adverse heart failure events and cardiovascular death in patients with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancer
This review discusses the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in improving glycemic control and promoting weight loss, and explores their potential anticancer effects by modulating pathways like insulin signaling, inflammation, and cellular proliferation. Current evidence from observational and secondary analyses suggests potential protective effects against several cancers, including prostate and breast cancer, through both weight-dependent and independent mechanisms. However, the absence of large-scale randomized controlled trials with cancer-specific endpoints remains a critical limitation, and safety concerns warrant vigilance.
Obesity, Weight Loss, and Rhinology and Allergy
This review explores the link between obesity and rhinologic and allergic diseases, noting that obesity is a common comorbidity and increases the risk and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis through adipokine-mediated inflammation. The article summarizes current evidence and highlights the potential clinical implications of weight loss interventions for improving sinonasal disease burden and surgical outcomes.
Attenuation of Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Exposure by Standardized Salacia reticulata Extract in Adults with Prediabetes
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of a standardized Salacia reticulata extract on fasting and postprandial glucose exposure in adults with prediabetes. Participants with dual fasting and postprandial glycemic impairments were randomly assigned to receive the extract or placebo for 12 weeks. Compared with placebo, the extract significantly reduced fasting and postprandial glucose levels and glucose spikes, while also lowering HbA1c and triglycerides.
Pomegranate Juice Induces Similar Glycemic but Distinct Incretin Responses Compared with Sugar Water
This randomized, controlled crossover trial compared acute glycemic and incretin responses after consuming isocaloric pomegranate juice and sugar water. Researchers studied 42 adults on a standardized low-polyphenol diet who consumed the beverages in random order. Findings indicate that pomegranate juice produced similar glycemic responses to sugar water but elicited significantly lower GIP responses.
How did Fractyl document its development decision?
In its October 22, 2026 disclosure, Fractyl said it would stop internal development of its Rejuva gene therapy program and explore other options.
Read a GLP‑1 drug labeling update
On November 9, 2026, the U.S. FDA announced required GLP‑1 receptor agonist labeling changes concerning the potential risk of NAION, a rare optic nerve disorder.
What did the early CTX310 study measure?
On November 9, 2026, CRISPR Therapeutics announced Phase 1b results for CTX310, reporting changes in blood lipid measures among participants with severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Read STEP 1 as a randomized controlled trial
This 2021 double-blind study compared weight outcomes with semaglutide and placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes over 68 weeks.